Biotechnology is a dynamic field that integrates biological sciences with technology to tackle problems and devise solutions across multiple domains, including medicine, agriculture, and environmental conservation. By manipulating living organisms, their cells, or molecules, biotechnology has evolved from early practices like brewing and agriculture to modern innovations such as genetic engineering and synthetic biology. Key areas include medical biotechnology, which focuses on developing new treatments and diagnostics; agricultural biotechnology, aimed at enhancing crop yields and resistance; industrial biotechnology, which applies biological processes for manufacturing and environmental management; and environmental biotechnology, addressing issues like pollution and waste. Historically, biotechnology has seen significant milestones, from ancient practices like fermentation and selective breeding to the landmark discoveries of DNA’s structure in 1953 by Watson and Crick, recombinant DNA technology in the 1970s, and the genomic revolution in the early 2000s. The advent of CRISPR-Cas9 in 2012 marked a revolutionary advancement in gene editing, making it more precise and accessible.